Q141. Economies in which a high percentage of resources are invested in research and development show greater growth in the long run than do those in which resources are channeled into consumption.
Japanese workers spend a higher percentage of their income investing in research and development than do American workers.
To grow as fast as Japan has in the past three decades, the United States must change the tax code in order to encourage savings and investment and discourage debt.
Which of the following, if true, tends to weaken the argument?

Q142. Company Alpha buys free-travel coupons from people who are awarded the coupons by Bravo Airlines for flying frequently on Bravo airplanes. The coupons are sold to people who pay less for the coupons than they would pay by purchasing tickets from Bravo. This marketing of coupons results in lost revenue for Bravo.
To discourage the buying and selling of free-travel coupons, it would be best for Bravo Airlines to restrict the

Q143. Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers. Basing their judgment on the fact that different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles, researchers have concluded that the bowerbirds’ building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by the researchers?

Q144. While designing a game involving chance, Desmond noticed that the probability a fair coin lands faceup exactly 2 times when the coin is tossed 3 times is equal to the probability that a fair coin lands faceup exactly m times when the coin is tossed 7 times, where n > 3.
Select for m and for n values consistent with the given information. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Q145. The reason much refrigerated food spoils is that it ends up out of sight at the back of the shelf. So why not have round shelves that rotate? Because such rotating shelves would have just the same sort of drawback, since things would fall off the shelves’ edges into the rear corners.
Which of the following is presupposed in the argument against introducing rotating shelves?

Q146. West River Glen is deciding which network architecture should replace its old copper telephone lines. The town will replace 300 miles of Outside Plant (OSP) cable that will serve approximately 2,500 homes.
The first option is to install a Fiber to the Home (FTTH) system architecture that uses fiber-optic cable to transmit signals from the source to each home. The advantages of this architecture include greater bandwidth capabilities, less signal loss, and slightly lower new-cable deployment costs than the second option, Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC).
An HFC network integrates fiber-optic cables and devices with coaxial cables.
This will cost the town substantially less money for internal equipment and for customer installations.
However, the coaxial cable does not last as long as fiberoptic cable and will thus need to be replaced more frequently, resulting in higher long-term maintenance expenses.
The town believes that either the FTTH or HFC architectures will be capable of serving the communities’ data and television needs for the next 30 years.
For each of the following statements, select Yes if the statement can be inferred to be true on the basis of the information provided. Otherwise, select No.

Q147. What is the value of the integer t?
(1)
Each of the integers 2, 5, and 7 is a factor of t.
(2)
63 < t < 135

Q148. For each of the background colors, the graphic shows the average (arithmetic mean) of the maximum prices that the participants who viewed the item with that background reported that they were willing to pay for the item. Results are shown for bath the auction and the negotiation scenarios.

Assuming the researchers’ hypothesized link between offers and aggression is correct, for each of the following background colors select More aggressive if, on average, participants in the negotiation group in the study behaved more aggressively when the product was displayed with that background color than the participants did when the product was displayed with a gray background.
Otherwise, select Not more aggressive.

Q149. Considerable debate exists in the self-perception literature over the impact of positively biased self- perceptions on social and psychological functioning. Positively based self-perceptions are those in which an individual has a more positive opinion of himself than objective indicators warrant. One view suggests that positive perceptual biases are characteristic of normal human thought across a variety of domains and correlate positively with good mental and psychological health. Certain researchers and clinicians have even proposed that by boosting self-concepts, symptoms of depression and levels of aggression may be reduced.
Investigators on the other side of the debate maintain that when most positive self-perceptions are compared to an objective criterion, they appear neither positively biased nor adaptive. In fact, Baumeister, Smart, and Boden suggest that positively biased self-concepts may have a ‘dark side’. They proposed that it is persons with very positive self-views who are prone to be aggressive. As a result, building up individuals’ self-perceptions may serve only to increase levels of aggression rather than curb them.
According to Baumeister et al., not all individuals with positive self-perceptions are going to be interpersonally aggressive. Rather, individuals who are extremely positive in their perceptions of themselves and their functioning are proposed to be the most likely to become angry and potentially violent. The mechanism that triggers aggressive behavior by these individuals has been suggested to be negative social feedback that challenges their positive self-views. Such threats to positive self-esteem give rise to anger and hostility.
If negative social information is encountered that challenges established positive self-perceptions, Baumeister et al. propose that individuals must choose to either accept the feedback and lower their self- perceptions or reject the feedback to maintain their positive self-views. The chosen reaction then influences their subsequent affective states and behavioral expressions. By accepting the external appraisals and adjusting self-perceptions downward, dysphonic feelings and social withdrawal may result.
Conversely, the rejection of the validity of the unfavorable feedback results in feelings of anger and resentment toward the source of the threat. Dodge and colleagues demonstrated that children who interpret social cues as threatening direct their anger and aggression at the peers who gave the negative evaluations. Anger stemming from the receipt of social criticism is a way to deny the legitimacy of the negative information. By directing hostile reactions toward the source of the negative feedback, the influx of disconfirming information may end. Unless individuals react against the self-esteem threat, they may be compelled to revise their self-concepts negatively, in line with the information provided. By discounting the negative social feedback, individuals can protect themselves from dysphoric feelings and maintain their positively biased self-perceptions, but they may be setting themselves up to become interpersonally aggressive.
Although positively biased self-perceptions may place individuals at risk for negative social feedback and subsequent increases in aggressive behavior, not all positive self-concepts are suggested to be harmful.
The relationship between positive self-perceptions and aggression may depend on the degree of perceptual distortion (i.e., moderate vs. extreme distortion). Baumeister (1989) and Baumeister et al.
(1996) proposed that an optimal range of moderate bias might exist within which mental health is encouraged. Maladjustment in psychological and social functioning is suggested to occur when the degree of bias of self-perceptions shifts from moderate to extreme levels. Extremely negative and positive perceptual bias would be related to different but equally harmful difficulties.
The primary purpose of this passage is to

Q150. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – a noninvasive diagnostic procedure – can be used to identify blockages in the coronary arteries. In contrast to angiograms – the invasive procedure customarily used
– MRI’s pose no risk to patients. Thus, to guarantee patient safety in the attempt to diagnose arterial blockages, MRI’s should replace angiograms in all attempts at diagnosing coronary blockages.
Which of the following, if true, would most support the recommendation above?

Q151. Ann and Bob ran 10 times around a circular path that is 15 feet wide. If Ann ran along the outside edge of the path and Bob along the inside edge, approximately how many more feet did Ann run than Bob ran?

Q152. The program to control the entry of illegal drugs into the country was a failure in 1987. If the program had been successful, the wholesale price of most illegal drugs would not have dropped substantially in 1987.
The argument in the passage depends on which of the following assumptions?

Q153. Mr. Lawson: We should adopt a national family policy that includes legislation requiring employers to provide paid parental leave and establishing government-sponsored day care. Such laws would decrease the stress levels of employees who have responsibility for small children. Thus, such laws would lead to happier, better-adjusted families.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion above?

Q154. As much as. experience influences human preferences and values, the loss of firsthand experience with nature is likely to contribute to a reduced valuation of biodiversity by humans in the future-a dismal prospect for the diversity of life.

Q155. In a certain nursery, 15 percent of the plants developed a fungus and died. If 40 percent of the plants that developed the fungus did not die, what percent of the plants in the nursery developed the fungus?

Q156. If m is an integer and m = 1032 – 32, what is the sum of the digits of m?

Q157. Jack’s 1996 salary was x percent greater than his 1995 salary, and his 1997 salary was y percent greater than his 1996 salary. Kate’s 1996 salary was y percent greater thar her 1995 salary, and her 1997 salary was x percent greater than her 1996 salary. Was Jack’s 1997 salary equal to Kate’s 1997 salary?
(1) Jack’s 1995 salary was equal to Kate’s 1995 salary.
(2) The dollar increase in Jack’s salary from 1995 to 1997 was equal to the dollar increase in Kate’s salary from
1995 to 1997.

Q158.

A company is considering replacing its periodic offsite face-to-face meetings with ones that can be conducted online In a virtual environment. The company calculated Its costs for each face-Io-face meeting as well as the initial one-time costs necessary to set up online meeting capabilities. Once those capabilities are established, the company incurs negligible additional costs for each subsequent meeting. The graphic shows the one-time cost to the company for the virtual meetings as well as the total costs for the face-to-face meetings. For example, if the company conducted 5 face-to-face meetings, then the total costs to the company for the meetings would be approximately US$20,000.

Q159. There is a great deal of geographical variation in the frequency of many surgical procedures-up to tenfold variation per hundred thousand between different areas in the numbers of hysterectomies, prostatectomy’s, and tonsillectomies.
To support a conclusion that much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical procedures, it would be most important to establish which of the following?

Q160. In a political system with only two major parties, the entrance of a third-party candidate into an election race damages the chances of only one of the two major candidates. The third-party candidate always attracts some of the voters who might otherwise have voted for one of the two major candidates, but not voters who support the other candidate. Since a third-party candidacy affects the two major candidates unequally, for reasons neither of them has any control over, the practice is unfair and should not be allowed.
If the factual information in the passage above is true, which of the following can be most reliably inferred from it?

Q161. Store S’s gross profit from a certain product is 40 percent of the store’s revenue from the product- The store’s gross profit from the product is what percent of the store’s cost for the product?