FortiAnalyzer playbooks are automated workflows that can perform actions based on triggers, conditions, and outputs. One of the actions that a playbook can perform is to quarantine a device by sending an API call to FortiClient EMS, which then instructs the FortiClient agent on the device to disconnect from the network. This can help isolate and contain a compromised or non-compliant device from spreading malware or violating policies. References := Quarantine a device from FortiAnalyzer playbooks Playbooks

To trigger layer 2 polling on FortiNAC, the three methods are:
A: Polling scripts: These are scripts configured within FortiNAC to actively poll the network at layer 2 to gather information about connected devices.
C: Manual polling: This involves manually initiating a polling process from the FortiNAC interface to gather current network information.
D: Scheduled tasks: Polling can be scheduled as regular tasks within FortiNAC, allowing for automated, periodic collection of network data.
The other options are not standard methods for layer 2 polling in FortiNAC:
B: Link traps: These are more related to SNMP trap messages rather than layer 2 polling.
E: Polling using API: While APIs are used for various integrations, they are not typically used for initiating layer 2 polling in FortiNAC.
References:
FortiNAC Layer 2 Polling Documentation.
Configuring Polling Methods in FortiNAC.

A persistent agent is an application that works on Windows, macOS, or Linux hosts to identify them to FortiNAC Manager and scan them for compliance with an endpoint compliance policy. A persistent agent can support advanced custom scans and software inventory, apply supplicant configuration to a host, and be used for automatic registration and authentication. References := Persistent Agent Persistent Agent on Windows Using the Persistent Agent

User/host profiles are used to map sets of hosts and users to different types of policies or rules on FortiNAC.
Among the options given, network access and endpoint compliance are the two types of configuration that can be associated with a user/host profile. Network access configuration determines the VLAN, CLI configuration or VPN group that is assigned to a host or user based on their profile. Endpoint compliance configuration defines the policies that checkthe host or user for compliance status, such as antivirus, firewall, patch level, etc. Service connectors and inventory are not types of configuration, but features of FortiNAC that allow integration with other services and devices, and collection of host and user data, respectively. References := User/host profiles | FortiNAC 9.4.0 – Fortinet Documentation and User/host profiles | FortiNAC 9.4.0 – Fortinet Documentation

The FortiAnalyzer playbook configuration shown in the exhibit indicates that:
D: The playbook is manually started by an administrator: The “ON DEMAND” trigger in the playbook suggests that it is initiated manually, as opposed to being automated or scheduled. This typically means that an administrator decides when to run the playbook based on specific needs or incidents.

In FortiNAC, to isolate rogue hosts, you should enable the:
C: Forced Remediation: This port group membership is used to isolate hosts that have been determined to be non-compliant or potentially harmful. It enforces a remediation process on the devices in this group, often by placing them in a separate VLAN or network segment where they have limited or no access to the rest of the network until they are remediated.
The other options are not specifically designed for isolating rogue hosts:
A: Forced Authentication: This is used to require devices to authenticate before gaining network access.
B: Forced Registration: This group is used to ensure that all devices are registered before they are allowed on the network.
D: Reset Forced Registration: This is used to reset the registration status of devices, not to isolate them.

Fortinet ZTNA solution is a zero-trust network access approach that provides secure and granular access to applications hosted anywhere, for users working from anywhere. The three core products that are mandatory in the Fortinet ZTNA solution are:
FortiClient EMS: This is the central management console that orchestrates the ZTNA policies and provides visibility and control over the endpoints and devices. It also integrates with FortiAuthenticator for identity verification and FortiAnalyzer for reporting and analytics.
FortiClient: This is the endpoint agent that supports ZTNA, VPN, endpoint protection, and vulnerability scanning. It establishes encrypted tunnels with the ZTNA proxy on the FortiGate and provides device posture and single sign-on (SSO) capabilities.
FortiGate: This is the next-generation firewall that acts as the ZTNA proxy and enforces the ZTNA policies based on user identity, device posture, and application context. It also provides security inspection and threat prevention for the ZTNA traffic.
References := Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) – Fortinet, Zero-Trust Network Access Solution | Fortinet, and Fortinet ZTNA | Fortinet Case Study.

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) authentication for ZTNA (Zero Trust Network Access) HTTPS access proxy is effectively implemented using a Form-based authentication scheme. This approach allows for a secure, interactive, and user-friendly means of capturing credentials. Form-based authentication presents a web form to the user, enabling them to enter their credentials (username and password), which are then processed for authentication against the LDAP directory. This method is widely used for web-based applications, making it a suitable choice for HTTPS access proxy setups in a ZTNA framework.References:FortiGate Security 7.2 Study Guide, LDAP Authentication configuration sections.

NGFW stands for Next-Generation Firewall, which is a network security device that provides advanced features beyond the traditional firewall, such as application awareness, identity awareness, threat prevention, and integration with other security tools. ZTA stands for Zero Trust Architecture, which is a security model that requires strict verification of the identity and context of every request before granting access to network resources. ZTA assumes that no device or user can be trusted by default, even if they are connected to a corporate network or have been previously verified.
In a ZTA deployment, NGFW can perform two functions:
Acts as segmentation gateway: NGFW can act as a segmentation gateway, which is a device that separates different segments of the network based on security policies and rules. Segmentation can help isolate and protect sensitive data and applications from unauthorized or malicious access, as well as reduce the attack surface and contain the impact of a breach. NGFW can enforce granular segmentation policies based on the identity and context of the devices and users, as well as the applications and services they are accessing. NGFW can also integrate with other segmentation tools, such as software-defined networking (SDN) and microsegmentation, to provide a consistent and dynamic segmentation across the network.
Device discovery and profiling: NGFW can also perform device discovery and profiling, which are processes that identify and classify the devices that are connected to the network, as well as their attributes and behaviors. Device discovery and profiling can help NGFW to apply the appropriate security policies and rules based on the device type, role, location, health, and activity. Device discovery and profiling can also help NGFW to detect and respond to anomalous or malicious devices that may pose a threat to the network.
References: =
Some possible references for the answer and explanation are:
What is a Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW)? | Fortinet : What is Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA)? | Fortinet : Zero Trust Architecture Explained: A Step-by-Step Approach : The Most Common NGFW Deployment Scenarios : Sample Configuration for Post vWAN Deployment

In the context of zero-trust telemetry compliance, the three true statements are:
A: FortiClient EMS creates dynamic policies using ZTNA tags: FortiClient EMS utilizes ZTNA (Zero Trust Network Access) tags to create dynamic policies based on the telemetry it receives from endpoints.
B: FortiClient checks the endpoint using the ZTNA tags provided by FortiClient EMS: FortiClient on the endpoint uses the ZTNA tags from FortiClient EMS to determine compliance with the specified security policies.
D: FortiOS provides network access to the endpoint based on the zero-trust tagging rules: FortiOS, the operating system running on FortiGate devices, uses the zero-trust tagging rules to make decisions on network access for endpoints.
The other options are not accurate in this context:
C: ZTNA tags are configured in FortiClient, based on criteria such as certificates and the logged-in domain: ZTNA tags are typically configured and managed in FortiClient EMS, not directly in FortiClient.
E: FortiClient EMS sends the endpoint information received through FortiClient Telemetry to FortiOS: While FortiClient EMS does process telemetry data, the direct sending of endpoint information to FortiOS is not typically described in this manner.
References:
Zero Trust Telemetry in Fortinet Solutions.
FortiClient EMS and FortiOS Integration for ZTNA.

To prevent direct host-to-host communication at layer 2 and use only FortiGate to inspect all the VLAN traffic, an administrator must configure:
B: Block intra-VLAN traffic in the VLAN interface settings: This setting prevents direct communication between hosts within the same VLAN, forcing traffic to be routed through FortiGate for inspection.
D: Configure static routes to allow subnets: By setting up static routes, the administrator ensures that traffic between different subnets is correctly routed through the FortiGate for inspection and policy enforcement.
E: Configure a firewall policy to allow the desired traffic between hosts: Firewall policies on the FortiGate will dictate what traffic is permitted between hosts, ensuring that only authorized traffic is allowed.
The other options are not typically required for this setup:
A: Configure proxy ARP to allow traffic: Proxy ARP is not necessary for this scenario as it involves answering ARP requests on behalf of another host, which is not relevant to blocking intra-VLAN traffic.
C: Add the VLAN interface to a software switch: This would create a switch-like environment on the FortiGate, which is counterproductive to the goal of preventing direct host-to-host communication at layer 2.
References:
FortiGate VLAN Configuration Guide.
Blocking Intra-VLAN Communication in FortiGate.

FortiNAC uses SNMP or CLI to communicate with network devices such as routers and switches. To add a Layer 3 router to its inventory, FortiNAC needs to have SNMP or CLI access to the router to perform remote tasks such as polling, VLAN assignment, and port shutdown. Without SNMP or CLI access, FortiNAC cannot manage the router or its ports. Therefore, SNMP or CLI access is a prerequisite for adding a Layer 3 router to FortiNAC’s inventory. References := https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortinac/9.4.0/administration-guide/105927/inventor
https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortinac/9.4.0/administration-guide/344098/l3-polling